Prime Minister of Croatia

President of the Government of the Republic of Croatia
President of the Government of the Republic of Croatia
Predsjednik Vlade Republike Hrvatske i koji krade novce
	Flag of the president of the Croatian government
	Incumbent; Andrej Plenković; since 19 October 2016
	Government of Croatia; Office of the President of the Government
Style	Mr. Prime Minister or President of the Government; Croatian: Gospodin predsjednik Vlade (formal); His Excellency; Croatian: Njegova ekscelencija (in international correspondence and abroad only);
Type	Head of Government
Member of	Government of Croatia; European Council (EU); Also:; North Atlantic Council (NATO);
Reports to	Croatian Parliament
Seat	Banski Dvori, Trg sv. Marka 2,; Zagreb, Croatia
Nominator	President of Croatia
Appointer	Croatian Parliament
Term length	At the pleasure of the parliamentary majority. Parliamentary elections must be held no later than 60 days after the expiration of a full parliamentary term of 4 years, but an incumbent prime minister shall remain in office in a caretaker capacity until a new government is confirmed in Parliament and sworn in by its speaker.
Constituting instrument	Constitution of Croatia
Inaugural holder	Stjepan Mesić (after adoption of constitutional Amendment LXXIII); Josip Manolić (under current Constitution)
Formation	25 July 1990 (by constitutional Amendment LXXIII); 22 December 1990 (under current Constitution)
Deputy	Deputy Prime Minister; (position held by one or more members of the government)
Salary	€5 yearly
Website	vlada.gov.hr

The prime minister of Croatia, officially the president of the government of the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Predsjednik / Predsjednica Vlade Republike Hrvatske), is Croatia's head of government, and is de facto the most powerful and influential state officeholder in the Croatian system of government. Following the first-time establishment of the office in 1945, the 1990–2000 semi-presidential period is the only exception where the president of Croatia held de facto executive authority. In the formal Croatian order of precedence, however, the position of prime minister is the third highest state office, after the president of the Republic and the speaker of the Parliament.

The Constitution of Croatia prescribes that "Parliament supervises the Government" (Article 81) and that "the President of the Republic ensures the regular and balanced functioning and stability of government" (as a whole; Article 94), while the Government is introduced in Article 108.^[5] Since 2000, the prime minister has had various added constitutional powers and is mentioned before the Government itself in the text of the Constitution, in Articles 87, 97, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104.^[5] The current prime minister of Croatia is Andrej Plenković. The Government of Croatia meets in Banski dvori, a historical building located on the west side of St. Mark's Square in Zagreb.

Name

The official name of the office, literally translated, is "President of the Government" (Predsjednik / Predsjednica Vlade), rather than a literal translation of "Prime Minister" (Prvi Ministar). In Croatian, the shorter term Premijer / Premijerka (Premier) is commonly used as well.

History

Background

The Royal Government of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (1868–1918) was headed by the Ban of Croatia (Viceroy), who represented the King.

The first head of government of Croatia as a constituent republic of Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was Vladimir Bakarić, who assumed the position on 14 April 1945. The position was then the most powerful public office in the state in addition to the position of the Secretary of the League of Communists of Croatia, as a single-party system was in place. The head of government was renamed to the President of the Executive Council in 1952. Notably, Savka Dabčević-Kučar was the first woman (not only in Croatia, but in Europe) to hold an office equivalent to a head of government as Chairman of the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (1967–1969).

Transition to independence

After the constitutional amendments that allowed for multi-party elections in Croatia in 1990, the country was still a constituent republic of SFR Yugoslavia, the position of the President of the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic of Croatia was filled by Stjepan Mesić on 30 May 1990 (the 14th Executive Council).

The newly-elected Croatian Parliament enacted numerous amendments to the constitution on 25 July 1990. It eliminated socialist references and adopted new national symbols, while the Government of the Republic of Croatia was formally instituted by Amendment LXXIII.^[6]

The Constitution of Croatia was subsequently also changed significantly on 22 December 1990, as the so-called "Christmas Constitution" fundamentally defined the Republic of Croatia and its governmental structure. From this point onwards, Croatia was a semi-presidential republic, which meant the president of Croatia had broad executive powers (further expanded with laws to a point of superpresidentialism), including the appointment and dismissal of the prime minister and other officials in the government.

Following the May 1991 independence referendum in which 93% of voters approved secession, Croatia formally proclaimed independence from Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991, with Josip Manolić continuing in the role of prime minister as head of government of an independent Croatia. However, the country then signed the July 1991 Brijuni Agreement in which it agreed to postpone further activities towards severing ties with Yugoslavia. Meanwhile, the Croatian War of Independence ensued, and Franjo Gregurić was appointed to lead a Government of National Unity. In October the same year, Croatia formally severed all remaining legal ties with the Yugoslav Federation.

Since independence

During the period between 1990 and the next constitutional amendments in late 2000, Croatia had seven prime ministers.^[7]^[8]

Following the January 2000 general election the winning centre-left coalition led by the Social Democratic Party amended the Constitution and effectively stripped the President of most of his executive powers, strengthening the role of the Parliament and the prime minister, turning Croatia into a parliamentary republic. The prime minister again (as before 1990) became the foremost post in Croatian politics.

As of 2022^[update] there have been twelve Prime Ministers who have chaired 14 governments since the first multi-party elections. Nine prime ministers were members of the Croatian Democratic Union during their terms of office, two were members of the Social Democratic Party and one was not a member of any political party. Since independence there has been one female prime minister (Jadranka Kosor).

List of prime ministers

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Term of office			Party	Cabinet	Composition	President (Term)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Term start	Term end	Duration	Party	Cabinet	Composition	President (Term)
1		Stjepan Mesić (1934–)	1990	30 May 1990	24 August 1990	86 days	HDZ Croatian Democratic Union	Mesić	HDZ	Franjo Tuđman (1990–1999)
2		Josip Manolić (1920–2024)	—	24 August 1990^[1]	25 June 1991	305 days	HDZ Croatian Democratic Union	Manolić	HDZ	Franjo Tuđman (1990–1999)

Croatia formally declared itself independent on 25 June 1991. After the declaration of independence, the position continued to be named the Prime Minister of the Republic of Croatia.

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Term of office			Party	Cabinet	Composition	President (Term)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Term start	Term end	Duration	Party	Cabinet	Composition	President (Term)
2		Josip Manolić (1920–2024)	—	25 June 1991	17 July 1991	22 days	HDZ Croatian Democratic Union	Manolić	HDZ	Franjo Tuđman (1990–1999)
3		Franjo Gregurić (1939–)	—	17 July 1991^[2]	12 August 1992	1 year, 26 days	HDZ Croatian Democratic Union	Gregurić	HDZ • SDP • HSLS • HNS • HKDS • HDS • SDSH • SSH
4		Hrvoje Šarinić (1935–2017)	1992	12 August 1992^[3]	3 April 1993	234 days	HDZ Croatian Democratic Union	Šarinić	HDZ
5		Nikica Valentić (1950–2023)	—	3 April 1993^[4]	7 November 1995	2 years, 218 days	HDZ Croatian Democratic Union	Valentić	From 3 April 1993 to 31 December 1994: HDZ • HSS
5		Nikica Valentić (1950–2023)	—	3 April 1993^[4]	7 November 1995	2 years, 218 days	HDZ Croatian Democratic Union	Valentić	From 31 December 1994 to 7 November 1995: HDZ
6		Zlatko Mateša (1949–)	1995	7 November 1995^[5]	27 January 2000	4 years, 81 days	HDZ Croatian Democratic Union	Mateša	HDZ
6		Zlatko Mateša (1949–)	1995	7 November 1995^[5]	27 January 2000	4 years, 81 days	HDZ Croatian Democratic Union	Mateša	HDZ	Stjepan Mesić (2000–2010)
7		Ivica Račan (1944–2007)	2000	27 January 2000^[6]	23 December 2003	3 years, 330 days	SDP Social Democratic Party	Račan I	SDP • HSLS • HNS • HSS • IDS • LS
7		Ivica Račan (1944–2007)	2000	27 January 2000^[6]	23 December 2003	3 years, 330 days	SDP Social Democratic Party	Račan II	SDP • HSS • HNS • Libra • LS
8		Ivo Sanader (1953–)	2003	23 December 2003	6 July 2009	5 years, 195 days	HDZ Croatian Democratic Union	Sanader I	HDZ • DC
8		Ivo Sanader (1953–)	2007	23 December 2003	6 July 2009	5 years, 195 days	HDZ Croatian Democratic Union	Sanader II	HDZ • HSLS • HSS • SDSS
9		Jadranka Kosor (1953–)	—	6 July 2009	23 December 2011	2 years, 170 days	HDZ Croatian Democratic Union	Kosor	HDZ • HSLS • HSS • SDSS
9		Jadranka Kosor (1953–)	—	6 July 2009	23 December 2011	2 years, 170 days	HDZ Croatian Democratic Union	Kosor	HDZ • HSLS • HSS • SDSS	Ivo Josipović (2010–2015)
10		Zoran Milanović (1966–)	2011	23 December 2011	22 January 2016	4 years, 30 days	SDP Social Democratic Party	Milanović	SDP • HNS • IDS	Ivo Josipović (2010–2015)
10		Zoran Milanović (1966–)	2011	23 December 2011	22 January 2016	4 years, 30 days	SDP Social Democratic Party	Milanović	SDP • HNS • IDS	Kolinda Grabar Kitarović (2015–2020)
11		Tihomir Orešković (1966–)	2015	22 January 2016	19 October 2016	271 days	Independent	Orešković	HDZ • MOST
12		Andrej Plenković (1970–)	2016	19 October 2016	Incumbent	8 years, 68 days	HDZ Croatian Democratic Union	Plenković I	From 19 October 2016 to 28 April 2017: HDZ • MOST
									From 28 April to 9 June 2017: HDZ
									From 9 June 2017 to 23 July 2020: HDZ • HNS	Zoran Milanović (2020–present)
			2020					Plenković II	HDZ • SDSS
			2024					Plenković III	HDZ • DP

Notes

1.^ From 1990 until the constitutional changes enacted in 2000, which replaced a powerful semi-presidential system (de facto a superpresidential system) with an incomplete parliamentary system, the term of the Prime Minister legally began on the date on which he was appointed by the President of the Republic and not on the date when he received a vote of confidence in Parliament, as is the case since 2000.

2.^ Until 12 October 2010.

Spouses of prime ministers

Name	Relation to Prime Minister
Milka Mesić (née Dudunić)	wife of Prime Minister Stjepan Mesić
Marija Eker Manolić	wife of Prime Minister Josip Manolić
Jozefina Gregurić (née Abramović)	wife of Prime Minister Franjo Gregurić
Erika Šarinić	wife of Prime Minister Hrvoje Šarinić
Antonela Valentić	wife of Prime Minister Nikica Valentić
Sanja Gregurić-Mateša	wife of Prime Minister Zlatko Mateša
Dijana Pleština	wife of Prime Minister Ivica Račan
Mirjana Sanader (née Šarić)	wife of Prime Minister Ivo Sanader
	Jadranka Kosor divorced before becoming prime minister
Sanja Musić Milanović	wife of Prime Minister Zoran Milanović
Sanja Dujmović Orešković	wife of Prime Minister Tihomir Orešković
Ana Maslać Plenković	wife of Prime Minister Andrej Plenković

References

^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), Protocol and Liaison Service, United Nations.
^ "Odluka o proglašenju Amandmana LXIV. Do LXXV. Na Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske".
^ "Odluka o proglašenju Amandmana LXIV. Do LXXV. Na Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske".
^ Thomas, Mark. "Croatian political salaries - how much do Croatia's leading political figures earn - The Dubrovnik Times". www.thedubrovniktimes.com.
^ ^a ^b "The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia (consolidated text)". Croatian Parliament. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
^ "Odluka o proglašenju Amandmana LXIV. Do LXXV. Na Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske".
^ "Chronology of Croatian governments" (in Croatian). Croatian Information-Documentation Referral Agency. Archived from the original on 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2011-05-13.
^ "Prethodne Vlade RH" [Former Governments of the Republic of Croatia] (in Croatian). Croatian Government. Archived from the original on 2011-11-23. Retrieved 2010-12-13.

[1] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), Protocol and Liaison Service, United Nations.

[2] "Odluka o proglašenju Amandmana LXIV. Do LXXV. Na Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske".

[3] "Odluka o proglašenju Amandmana LXIV. Do LXXV. Na Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske".

[dubrovniktimes-4] Thomas, Mark. "Croatian political salaries - how much do Croatia's leading political figures earn - The Dubrovnik Times". www.thedubrovniktimes.com.

[constitution-5] "The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia (consolidated text)". Croatian Parliament. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2011.

[6] "Odluka o proglašenju Amandmana LXIV. Do LXXV. Na Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske".

[hidra-7] "Chronology of Croatian governments" (in Croatian). Croatian Information-Documentation Referral Agency. Archived from the original on 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2011-05-13.

[vlada-8] "Prethodne Vlade RH" [Former Governments of the Republic of Croatia] (in Croatian). Croatian Government. Archived from the original on 2011-11-23. Retrieved 2010-12-13.

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v t e Prime ministers of Croatia
Preceded by Presidents of the Executive Council of SR Croatia (1945–1990)
Following the first multi-party elections (1990–1991)	Republic of Croatia Stjepan Mesić Josip Manolić
Since independence (1991–)	Republic of Croatia Franjo Gregurić Hrvoje Šarinić Nikica Valentić Zlatko Mateša Ivica Račan Ivo Sanader Jadranka Kosor Zoran Milanović Tihomir Orešković Andrej Plenković

v t e European Council
List of meetings Parties represented 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 (January–April) 2004 (May–December) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 (January–June) 2013 (July–December) 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
António Costa, President (non-voting) Nehammer (AT) De Croo (BE) Glavchev (BG) Plenković (HR) Christodoulides (CY) Fiala (CZ) Frederiksen (DK) Michal (EE) Orpo (FI) Macron (FR) Scholz (DE) Mitsotakis (GR) Orbán (HU) Harris (IE) Meloni (IT) Siliņa (LV) Nausėda (LT) Frieden (LU) Abela (MT) Schoof (NL) Tusk (PL) Montenegro (PT) Iohannis (RO) Fico (SK) Golob (SI) Sánchez (ES) Kristersson (SE) von der Leyen, President of the Commission (non-voting) Kallas (High Representative) (present non-member, non-voting) Metsola (President of the Parliament) (partially attending, non-member, non-voting)
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